Optimal. Leaf size=81 \[ \frac {\log \left (x^2-\sqrt {3} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (x^2+\sqrt {3} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+x+\frac {1}{6} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{6} \tan ^{-1}\left (2 x+\sqrt {3}\right ) \]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A] time = 0.17, antiderivative size = 81, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 11, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 11, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.636, Rules used = {321, 209, 634, 618, 204, 628, 203} \[ \frac {\log \left (x^2-\sqrt {3} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (x^2+\sqrt {3} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+x+\frac {1}{6} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{6} \tan ^{-1}\left (2 x+\sqrt {3}\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 203
Rule 204
Rule 209
Rule 321
Rule 618
Rule 628
Rule 634
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^6}{1+x^6} \, dx &=x-\int \frac {1}{1+x^6} \, dx\\ &=x-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1-\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{2}}{1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1+\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{2}}{1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx\\ &=x-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {\int \frac {-\sqrt {3}+2 x}{1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt {3}+2 x}{1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2} \, dx}{4 \sqrt {3}}\\ &=x-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)+\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{6} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt {3}+2 x\right )+\frac {1}{6} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {3}+2 x\right )\\ &=x+\frac {1}{6} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )-\frac {1}{3} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{6} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}+2 x\right )+\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {3} x+x^2\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [A] time = 0.02, size = 76, normalized size = 0.94 \[ \frac {1}{12} \left (\sqrt {3} \log \left (x^2-\sqrt {3} x+1\right )-\sqrt {3} \log \left (x^2+\sqrt {3} x+1\right )+12 x+2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {3}-2 x\right )-4 \tan ^{-1}(x)-2 \tan ^{-1}\left (2 x+\sqrt {3}\right )\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
fricas [A] time = 0.89, size = 90, normalized size = 1.11 \[ -\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) + x - \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \relax (x) + \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (-2 \, x + \sqrt {3} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1}\right ) + \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \left (-2 \, x - \sqrt {3} + 2 \, \sqrt {x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1}\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
giac [A] time = 0.16, size = 61, normalized size = 0.75 \[ -\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) + x - \frac {1}{6} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x + \sqrt {3}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x - \sqrt {3}\right ) - \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \relax (x) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
maple [A] time = 0.04, size = 62, normalized size = 0.77 \[ x -\frac {\arctan \relax (x )}{3}-\frac {\arctan \left (2 x -\sqrt {3}\right )}{6}-\frac {\arctan \left (2 x +\sqrt {3}\right )}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (x^{2}-\sqrt {3}\, x +1\right )}{12}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \ln \left (x^{2}+\sqrt {3}\, x +1\right )}{12} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
maxima [A] time = 2.38, size = 61, normalized size = 0.75 \[ -\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1\right ) + x - \frac {1}{6} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x + \sqrt {3}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \arctan \left (2 \, x - \sqrt {3}\right ) - \frac {1}{3} \, \arctan \relax (x) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
mupad [B] time = 0.11, size = 88, normalized size = 1.09 \[ x-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\relax (x)}{3}-\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {x}{-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,x\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right )-\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {x}{1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,x\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{6}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right ) \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
sympy [A] time = 0.42, size = 70, normalized size = 0.86 \[ x + \frac {\sqrt {3} \log {\left (x^{2} - \sqrt {3} x + 1 \right )}}{12} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \log {\left (x^{2} + \sqrt {3} x + 1 \right )}}{12} - \frac {\operatorname {atan}{\relax (x )}}{3} - \frac {\operatorname {atan}{\left (2 x - \sqrt {3} \right )}}{6} - \frac {\operatorname {atan}{\left (2 x + \sqrt {3} \right )}}{6} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________